Twin car bombs in Damascus kill at least 34 people

Dozens of people were killed Wednesday morning in four consecutive explosions that rocked a pro-regime suburb of the Syrian capital.

Twin car bombings first struck Jaramana around rush hour near the town’s main square. An eyewitness told activists that the first bomb went off near the entrance of a building and as people gathered to help the injured a nearby Mercedes also exploded. Witnesses reported many bodies lying in the street and photos from the scene showed damaged buildings and cars under rubble.

Soon after planted explosives were set off on the nearby Qariyat highway, said Damascus activist Alexia Jade.

The Syrian Arab News Agency reported that the last two explosions happened in Damascus in the Nahda and Qerayyat neighborhoods.

The opposition reported 45 people were killed, mostly civilians, and state media said the death toll was 34. Many more are injured, some in critical condition.

Jaramana is a mostly pro-government town but has also become a safe haven for many refugees fleeing violence in nearby areas. But this was not the first time the town has been attacked.

State media blamed the bombings on “terrorists,” the catch-all term the government has used to describe the opposition since the beginning of the uprising last year.

Opposition activists said no rebel group had claimed responsibility for the bombings and they pinned the blame on the government. Ambulances and state media were on the scene almost immediately, they said.

“Checkpoints surround Jaramana from all sides and are manned by the People’s Committee, so where did the car bombs enter from?” Jade said. “It is just a message of fear for the residents of Jaramana.”

Jaramana's hospital was inundated with victims and many had to be transferred elsewhere.

Schools that were already in session closed for the day and parents rushed to pick up their children, Jade said.

Roads around the town were closed in the wake of the bombings and security forces and members of the pro-regime People’s Committee were patrolling throughout the area, activists reported.

“Till this moment indications are that the regime was behind it,” Jade said. “And if (a rebel group) claims responsibility I’m going to be angry, because there are civilians lying in the street.”

ALSO:

Yasser Arafat's grave dug up in poisoning probe 

Egyptians pour into Tahrir Square to protest presidential decree

Kim Jong Un 'sexiest man,' Onion says; China's People's Daily buys it

-- Times staff in Amman, Jordan

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Geek Researcher Spends Three Years Living With Hackers

When you’re starting off as an anthropologist, you aim is to explore a subculture your peers have yet to uncover, spending years living with the locals and learning their ways.

That’s what Gabriella Coleman did. She went to San Francisco and lived with the hackers.

Coleman, an anthropologist who teaches at McGill University, spent three years living in the Bay Area, studying the community that builds the Debian Linux open source operating system and other hackers — i.e., people who pride themselves on finding new ways to reinvent software. More recently, she’s been peeling away the onion that is the Anonymous movement, a group that hacks as a means of protest — and mischief.

When she moved to San Francisco, she volunteered with the Electronic Frontier Foundation — she believed, correctly, that having an eff.org address would make people more willing to talk to her — and started making the scene. She talked free software over Chinese food at the Bay Area Linux User Group’s monthly meetings upstairs at San Francisco’s Four Seas Restaurant. She marched with geeks demanding the release of Adobe eBooks hacker Dmitry Sklyarov. She learned the culture inside-out.

Now, she’s written a book on her experiences: Coding Freedom: The Ethics and Aesthetics of Hacking. It’s a scholarly work of anthropology that examines the question: What does it mean to be a hacker?

Earlier this month, she dropped by Wired’s offices to talk about the book. Here’s an edited transcript of the conversation:

Wired: What made you decide to live with the hackers?

Gabriella Coleman: I did want to be somewhere with a high density of hackers. I didn’t want to just do online research — which a lot of my Anonymous research has been. I was like: “No, there are hackers and they’re in places, so let me go to San Francisco. There seem to be a lot of them here.”

What I quickly discovered was that there is a lot going on in hacking which has very little to do with open source. You know, like Infosec, and the transgressive tradition, and — a little later on — the hardware explosion. And that became the focus of my teaching. Because while the book is on open source, I wanted to grapple with and grasp the different dimensions of hacking, and I got really interested in what divided hackers.

It was interesting when I started hanging out with info security hackers in New York. That’s a really different beast. They’re like, if you’re a builder, you’re not a hacker. You’ve got to be breaking something. But the Infosec really tend to police their boundaries quite a bit.

Wired: What did your peers in the academic world think about your work?

Coleman: They, I think, thought that it was interesting and kind of great that someone was moving forward. But I think there was this idea that the geek hacker world, especially in the context of the west, was culturally thin and anemic. “Oh very interesting politically — they’re coming up with these alternative licenses — but isn’t it just about white men tinkering with their computers?”

And in some ways, I think I thought that too. But then, I was like, wait a minute, when it comes to the culture of computer hacking and the aesthetics of hacking, I was blown away by how culturally deep it was.

There’s a whole chapter on joking, humor and cleverness among hackers. And that, to me, was one of the fascinating areas. And I feel that I’ve just scratched the surface with that chapter — to how deep and complex their oral histories are and their folklore is. And how they record it in everything from how they name pieces of software, which are often historical references to the past, to just the enormous amount of writing that computer hackers do in the non-technical sense: manifestos and zines and science fiction, you know

And I was just kind of astounded by that at some level. And astounded by the way in which on the one hand the hacker world was the place where the culture of civil liberties was on fire. And that’s something that anyone can relate to because people beyond the hacker world know about free speech and privacy. And on the other hand, there was this aesthetic world that was intensely focused on itself and was very difficult to translate to the general public.

And so that kind of melding of the deep pleasures of hacking and the cultures of civil liberties were something that I thought was quite anthropological. But my peers were really unconvinced of it.

Wired: Did you get grief for not traveling to somewhere exotic?

Coleman: Yes. All the time. They just kind of laughed at it. They were like, ‘You’re so lucky. You get to be in San Francisco going to cafes and hanging out with hackers. I had to really sweat it out and be in the jungle. It was really difficult.’

It’s funny because my committee loved my dissertation, and it did very well and won all these prizes, but I always had trouble getting job talks in anthropology departments. Even today, I rarely get invited to give talks in anthropology departments.

Wired: What is the funniest hacker joke you know?

Coleman: I absolutely love the Mutt flea one. The man page for Mutt, in the man page, the bug category is flea, because fleas are on mutts.

Wired: It’s hard to tell a good geek joke because there are all these layers to them.

Often, the humor you talk about is used as a way of identifying like-minded people. I think that a lot of people from that community spend a lot of their time not being understood or talking to people who don’t care about the same things that they do. So they need a shorthand to figure out, “OK we can have a conversation.”

It’s actually a hack that allows you to connect with people who it’s worth your time time talk to.

Coleman: One of the things in that chapter that I argue is that hackers, first of all, are good at joking because to hack is to rearrange form. That’s what jokes are. That’s a pragmatic utilitarian argument, but they really culturally value it for all sorts of reasons.

Even a wonderful piece of code is up for debate, but a very funny joke, it gets affirmed with laughter and then it’s kind of indisputable.

Wired: Do you think that it’s possible to convey what’s interesting about hackers in film?

Coleman: I have generally thought that it’s really difficult. And I was pretty impressed with We Are Legion. He [Director Brian Knappenberger] did a very good job. And one of the reasons why he did a good job is because the world of Anonymous has a very rich visual vocabulary that they’ve created through their artifacts. They come from the meme world.

But let’s just say that you’re trying to convey the open source geeks and the transgressive hackers. Man, I have thought about this and I think it would take a kind of genius filmmaker to do it. I’ve talked to a lot of filmmakers to try to kind of inspire them to do it, and to spend time at CCC and the camps to get a sense of what it’s like and be, like, ‘Can you convert it?’” Because I haven’t seen any film yet that I think does it well.

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Leads, director of Motown musical visit Hitsville

DETROIT (AP) — The stars of the upcoming Broadway musical about Motown Records have read pretty much every book about and listened to every song from that golden era of American music.

The research only took them so far, so they decided to come and see Hitsville, U.S.A., for themselves.

Brandon Victor Dixon, who portrays the label’s founder, Berry Gordy, and Valisia LeKae, who plays its signature songstress, Diana Ross, visited the Motown Museum on Tuesday, taking a lengthy tour of the two-level home that produced the soundtrack of a generation.

“I’m trying not to get emotional,” LeKae said as she methodically inspected the hundreds of mementos — posters, gold records, clothing and more — on display at the Motown Museum.

LeKae, a Broadway veteran who has appeared in “The Book of Mormon” and “Ragtime” among others, worried about losing her composure when it came time to visit Studio A, the famed space in which Gordy and his army of artists, writers, producers and engineers signed, sealed and delivered hit after hit throughout the 1960s.

And she succeeded, descending a small flight of stairs into the square, smallish room and calmly checking out the famed studio affectionately called the “Snake Pit.” LeKae marveled at an oversized black-and-white snapshot on the wall of Ross singing with a smiling Gordy looking on.

It wasn’t until later, while visiting the home’s upstairs, that LeKae’s emotions kicked in.

Standing underneath the “echo chamber,” a hole cut in the upper level’s ceiling designed to create unique sounds for the recording process, LeKae belted out the first few lines of the Supremes’ “Where Did Our Love Go.”

“Baby, baby / Baby, don’t leave me,” she wailed, before the tears began to well up and she had to stop singing.

“This is, like, amazing,” she said.

LeKae and Dixon, who earned a Tony nomination for his work in “The Color Purple” and bears more than a passing resemblance to a Motown-era Gordy, will be front and center when the show debuts this spring.

“Motown: The Musical” begins its run of preview performances March 11 ahead of the official opening on April 14 at New York’s Lunt-Fontanne Theatre.

That gives Dixon, LeKae, Gordy (who’s producing and writing the book) and director Charles Randolph-Wright four months to bring the show to the stage.

To that end, Randolph-Wright also was at Hitsville on Tuesday, seeing prospective actors during a callback session in Studio A. He’s still looking for understudies and others to play smaller parts.

It wasn’t Randolph-Wright’s first visit to Motown’s birthplace as it was for his two leads, but for the 56-year-old who proclaims that “Motown’s in my DNA,” it was no less special.

“What a joy to be a part of (the Motown) movement and what a responsibility to try and place that in the world,” Randolph-Wright said, sitting on a piano bench in Studio A. “So, I’ve been very careful about trying to do that the right way.”

And he has, working for the past three years on “Motown: The Musical,” holding a nationwide casting call and working with Gordy and the other producers to identify which of the overwhelming number of songs from the Motown catalog to include on stage.

“The show is 15 hours,” Randolph-Wright joked.

The first version had 100 songs in it, he said, and “I wanted every song.”

While he said the show’s decision-makers are still deliberating about which songs make the final cut, one thing is certain about the musical selections: A few numbers in the show will be Gordy originals, written specifically for it.

“It’s so interesting to see him go back to being a songwriter after all these years,” said Randolph-Wright, who described one Gordy-penned song as having “all the textures of what Motown is and was, but it’s new.”

As for the man playing the man, Dixon spent his Tuesday walking through the halls of the Motown Museum, taking in every word tour guide Eric Harp and the other docents offered and, as he put it, “soaking it all in.”

At one point, he kneeled down and softly touched the cushion of a red-orange couch upstairs on which Marvin Gaye would take the occasional slumber.

Dixon burst out laughing, then leaped up and continued the tour.

Asked what was so funny, he quickly responded: “Because Marvin Gaye slept on this couch!”

All three of the Hitsville visitors spoke of their great respect and admiration for Gordy and the history of Motown and how important they felt it was to do it justice on stage.

“There’s an energy here that is palpable still,” Randolph-Wright said. “And it remains in this space. I think more than anything, the second I walked in here, it told me that I have to be honest” in telling the Motown story.

The first time he visited the museum, Randolph-Wright remembered walking into the gift shop, where he “bought everything,” including a Temptations T-shirt that read: “Live It Again.”

“I love that, because that’s what we’re doing,” he said.

___

Online:

http://www.motownthemusical.com

Entertainment News Headlines – Yahoo! News

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The New Old Age Blog: Doctor's Orders? Another Test

It is no longer news that Americans, and older Americans in particular, get more routine screening tests than they need, more than are useful. Prostate tests for men over 75, annual Pap smears for women over 65 and colonoscopies for anyone over 75 — all are overused, large-scale studies have shown.

Now it appears that many older patients are also subjected to too-frequent use of the other kind of testing, diagnostic tests.

The difference, in brief: Screening tests are performed on people who are asymptomatic, who aren’t complaining of a health problem, as a way to detect incipient disease. We have heard for years that it is best to “catch it early” — “it” frequently being cancer — and though that turns out to be only sometimes true, we and our doctors often ignore medical guidelines and ongoing campaigns to limit and target screening tests.

Diagnostic tests, on the other hand, are meant to help doctors evaluate some symptom or problem. “You’re trying to figure out what’s wrong,” explained Gilbert Welch, a veteran researcher at the Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice.

For these tests, medical groups and task forces offer many fewer guidelines on who should get them and how often — there is not much evidence to go on — but there is general agreement that they are not intended for routine surveillance.

But a study using a random 5 percent sample of Medicare beneficiaries — nearly 750,000 of them — suggests that often, that is what’s happening.

“It begins to look like some of these tests are being routinely repeated, and it’s worrisome,” said Dr. Welch, lead author of the study just published in The Archives of Internal Medicine. “Some physicians are just doing them every year.”

He is talking about tests like echocardiography, or a sonogram of the heart. More than a quarter of the sample (28.5 percent) underwent this test between 2004 and 2006, and more than half of those patients (55 percent) had a repeat echocardiogram within three years, most commonly within a year of the first.

Other common tests were frequently repeated as well. Of patients who underwent an imaging stress test, using a treadmill or stationery bike (or receiving a drug) to make the heart work harder, nearly 44 percent had a repeat test within three years. So did about half of those undergoing pulmonary function tests and chest tomography, a CAT scan of the chest.

Cytoscopy (a procedure in which a viewing tube is inserted into the bladder) was repeated for about 41 percent of the patients, and endoscopy (a swallowed tube enters the esophagus and stomach) for more than a third.

Is this too much testing? Without evidence of how much it harms or helps patients, it is hard to say — but the researchers were startled by the extent of repetition. “It’s inconceivable that it’s all important,” Dr. Welch said. “Unfortunately, it looks like it’s important for doctors.”

The evidence for that? The study revealed big geographic differences in diagnostic testing. Looking at the country’s 50 largest metropolitan areas, it found that nearly half the sample’s patients in Miami had an echocardiogram between 2004 and 2006, and two thirds of them had another echocardiogram within three years — the highest rate in the nation.

In fact, for the six tests the study included, five were performed and repeated most often in Florida cities: Miami, Jacksonville and Orlando. “They’re heavily populated by physicians and they have a long history of being at the top of the list” of areas that do a lot of medical procedures and hospitalizations, Dr. Welch said.

But in Portland, Ore., where “the physician culture is very different,” only 17.5 percent of patients had an echocardiogram. The places most prone to testing were also the places with high rates of repeat testing. Portland, San Francisco and Sacramento had the lowest rates.

We often don’t think of tests as having a downside, but they do. “This is the way whole cascades can start that are hard to stop,” Dr. Welch said. “The more we subject ourselves, the more likely some abnormality shows up that may require more testing, some of which has unwanted consequences.”

Properly used, of course, diagnostic tests can provide crucial information for sick people. “But used without a good indication, they can stir up a hornet’s nest,” he said. And of course they cost Medicare a bundle.

An accompanying commentary, sounding distinctly exasperated, pointed out that efforts to restrain overtesting and overtreatment have continued for decades. The commentary called it “discouraging to contemplate fresh evidence by Welch et al of our failure to curb waste of health care resources.”

It is hard for laypeople to know when tests make sense, but clearly we need to keep track of those we and our family members have. That way, if the cardiologist suggests another echocardiogram, we can at least ask a few pointed questions:

“My father just had one six months ago. Is it necessary to have another so soon? What information do you hope to gain that you didn’t have last time? Will the results change the way we manage his condition?”

Questions are always a good idea. Especially in Florida.

Paula Span is the author of “When the Time Comes: Families With Aging Parents Share Their Struggles and Solutions.”

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Facebook Gift Store Urges Users to Shop While They Share

SAN FRANCISCO — Facebook is already privy to its users’ e-mail addresses, wedding pictures and political beliefs. Now the company is nudging them to share a bit more: credit card numbers and offline addresses.

James Best Jr./The New York Times

Facebook Gifts is a service that prompts users to buy things for friends on the social network.

Sharing Even More

What do you think about Facebook’s plan to have users buy gifts for their friends through the site using their credit cards?

A screenshot of Facebook Gifts.

The nudge comes from a new Facebook service called Gifts. It allows Facebook users — only in the United States for now — to buy presents for their friends on the social network. On offer are items as varied as spices from Dean & DeLuca, pajamas from BabyGap and subscriptions to Hulu Plus, the video service. This week Facebook added iTunes gift cards.

The gift service is part of an aggressive moneymaking push aimed at pleasing Facebook’s investors after the company’s dismal stock market debut. Facebook has stepped up mobile advertising and is starting to customize the marketing messages it shows to users based on their Web browsing outside Facebook.

Those efforts seem to have brought some relief to Wall Street. Analysts issued more bullish projections for the company in recent days, and the stock was up 49 percent from its lowest point, closing Tuesday at $26.15, although that is still well below the initial offering price of $38. The share price has been buoyed in part by the fact that a wave of insider lockup periods expired without a flood of shares hitting the market.

To power the Gifts service, Facebook rented a warehouse in South Dakota and created its own software to track inventory and shipping. It will not say how much it earns from each purchase made through Gifts, though merchants that have a similar arrangement with Amazon.com give it a roughly 15 percent cut of sales.

If it catches on, the service would give Facebook a toehold in the more than $200 billion e-commerce market. Much more important, it would let the company accumulate a new stream of valuable personal data and use it to refine targeted advertisements, its bread and butter. The company said it did not now use data collected through Gifts for advertising purposes, but could not rule it out in the future.

“The hard part for Facebook was aggregating a billion users. Now it’s more about how to monetize those users without scaring them away,” said Colin Sebastian, an analyst with Robert W. Baird.

He added: “Gifts should also contribute more to Facebook’s treasure trove of user data, which has the benefit of a virtuous cycle, driving more personalization of the site, leading to better and more targeted ads, which improves overall monetization.”

Facebook already collects credit card information from users who play social games on its site. But they are a limited constituency, and a wider audience may be persuaded to buy a gift when Facebook reminds them that a friend is expecting a baby or a cousin is approaching her 40th birthday.

The Gifts service, which grew out of Facebook’s acquisition of a mobile application called Karma, was introduced in September and expanded earlier this month on the eve of the holiday shopping season.

Magnolia Bakery, based in New York, was among Facebook’s early partners for Gifts. Its vice president for public relations, Sara Gramling, said the company had sold roughly 200 packages of treats since then. She counted it as a marketing success. The bakery, which gained fame thanks to “Sex and the City,” had only recently begun shipping its goods. “It was a great opportunity to expand our network,” she said.

Magnolia Bakery isn’t exactly catering to the masses. A half-dozen cupcakes cost $35, plus about $12 for shipping. Facebook, Ms. Gramling said, takes care of the billing. The bakery is eyeing Facebook’s global reach, too, as it opens outlets internationally, especially in the Middle East.

One of the appeals of Facebook Gifts is the ease of making a purchase. Facebook users are nudged to buy a gift (a gift-box icon pops up) for Facebook friends on their birthdays. They are offered a vast menu to choose from: beer glasses, cake pops, quilts, marshmallows, magazine subscriptions and donations to charity. They are asked to choose a greeting card. Then they are asked for credit card details. Facebook says it stores that credit card information, unless users remove it after making a purchase.

Facebook has declined to say how many users have bought gifts, only that among those who have, the average purchase is $25.

David Streitfeld contributed reporting.

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Much talk, little action on 'fiscal cliff' as Congress returns

WASHINGTON — Congress returned to a lame-duck session with no signs of quick compromise to ease the nation's budget deadlock, and the White House rolled out a strategy Monday to marshal popular support for raising taxes on the wealthiest tier of income earners.

Closed-door talks by senior aides produced no clear progress despite President Obama's private phone call over the weekend to House Speaker John A. Boehner (R-Ohio) in an effort to forge a deficit reduction deal in the five weeks before current tax rates expire, which would lead to tax increases for most Americans.

Familiar lines began to form as both sides jockeyed to avoid the so-called fiscal cliff, the combination of $500 billion in automatic federal tax increases and spending cuts that economists warn could send the nation back into recession next year.

But the battle assumed new contours as some senior Republican lawmakers distanced themselves from their party's strict anti-tax pledge and Obama took his case public. He warned that the threat of a tax hike on ordinary Americans could dampen winter holiday spending and create a crisis in consumer confidence.

"The president has called on Congress to take action and stop holding the middle class and our economy hostage over a disagreement on tax cuts for households with incomes over $250,000 per year," the White House said in a statement.

Obama got a boost from billionaire investor Warren Buffett, who said wealthier Americans, including himself, should pay more taxes. He dismissed Republican arguments that such tax increases would hamper investment.

"In recent years, my gang has been leaving the middle class in the dust," Buffett wrote in an op-ed for the New York Times. "Let's forget about the rich and ultrarich going on strike and stuffing their ample funds under their mattresses if — gasp — capital gains rates and ordinary income rates are increased."

The broad outline of a deal could be seen, although any accord appeared far from imminent.

Over the last week, three top Republican lawmakers — Sen. Lindsey Graham of South Carolina, Sen. Saxby Chambliss of Georgia and Rep. Peter T. King of New York — all indicated they were willing to raise some taxes in exchange for an agreement from Democrats to curb spending. They broke publicly with conservative stalwart Grover Norquist, the influential president of Americans for Tax Reform.

"It's fair to ask my party to put revenue on the table," Graham said on ABC's "This Week." "I will violate the pledge, long story short, for the good of the country — only if Democrats will do entitlement reforms."

A framework for a compromise had emerged after the Nov. 6 election. Boehner proposed a two-step process that would put a down payment on deficit reduction this year and set targets for undertaking a comprehensive overhaul of taxes and entitlement spending in 2013.

In the days since, however, talks have become "slow," according to one congressional aide. Republicans insist that new revenue must come from economic growth, which they believe would be produced by revamping the tax code to lower all tax brackets — an approach Democrats reject as "fairy tale" economics.

Democrats are unwilling to discuss cuts to Medicare, Medicaid or other government programs unless Republicans put upfront revenue on the table, aides said.

Frustrations over the standoff have grown, and one lawmaker, Sen. Bob Corker (R-Tenn.), proposed his own solution Monday — capping itemized deductions at $50,000 in exchange for changes to Medicare and cuts to other government programs.

Such an approach is in line with proposals being discussed, though Obama has promised the tax increases would hit incomes only above $250,000 for couples or $200,000 for singles.

No talks among the principal players are scheduled this week, even though both sides say they want to avoid brinkmanship as they push toward a Christmas deadline. All tax rates expire on Dec. 31, which would result in automatic tax increases; spending cuts are set for Jan. 2.

Aides to the president acknowledged they didn't hold high hopes after Obama spoke to Boehner over the weekend. But they didn't go so far as to echo Senate Republican leader Mitch McConnell of Kentucky, who used the word "impasse" Monday in discussing the long pursuit of a grand budget deal.

"We remain confident we can achieve an agreement," White House Press Secretary Jay Carney said. "We remain hopeful and optimistic we can reach a deal."

Staff negotiations continue, and the White House's Council of Economic Advisers said Monday the automatic tax increases would not only hurt the rest of the holiday shopping season, but they could also trim consumer spending by about $200 billion in 2013. Overall, the council warned, economic growth could drop by 1.4 percentage points.

That's no small matter, said the council's chairman, Alan Krueger, given the role retail sales play in the economy. The American economy has grown at an average annual rate of just over 2% since the recovery began in 2009.

The report is broadly consistent with forecasts by the Congressional Budget Office and leading private economists, and it comes after retailers amassed a record $59.1 billion in sales from Thanksgiving through Sunday, up from $52.4 billion a year earlier, according to estimates from the National Retail Federation.

But the White House report warned that "the hard-earned rise in consumer confidence will be at risk if the middle-class tax cuts are not soon extended with a minimum of political drama."

Publicly and behind closed doors, White House officials expressed hope that the political environment would improve over the coming week.

Obama will meet with business leaders at the White House this week in an attempt to build support for his agenda.

On Friday, the president plans to travel to Montgomery County in Pennsylvania to visit a local business that "depends on middle-class consumers during the holiday season," the White House said. The business, Rodon Group, is the sole American manufacturer for K'NEX Brands, a construction toy company whose products include Tinkertoy, K'NEX and Angry Bird building sets.

lisa.mascaro@latimes.com

christi.parsons@latimes.com

Times staff writer Don Lee contributed to this report.

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Munich Subway Photos Resemble Abandoned Kubrickian Spacecraft

Nick Frank likes to summarize his approach to photography with one phrase: “Reduce to the max.”

Get to the point. Remove all distractions. It’s a framework that lends itself well to Frank’s series on subway stations in Munich, Germany, where he lives.

“Pictures are often overloaded with information so what I’m doing is trying to flatten the image until you see the essence of the main subject,” he says.

The Munich subway, or U-Bahn, began running in 1971 right before the 1972 Olympics and is known for the bright color schemes and artistic designs that line many of the subway’s 100 stations. In a 1997 book by Christoph Hackelsberger, a member of the city’s subway planning council is quoted as saying that transit stations should “radiate a positive mood” and purposefully “help make a passenger’s wait more pleasant.”

Many of the stations are designed by well-known German architects and the subways themselves are used by hundreds of millions of people each year.

To avoid the crowds and get the kind of clean, empty shots that make up the series, Frank says he has to show up between 5:30 and 6 a.m. on a Sunday morning because that’s the only time the subways aren’t packed. Even then, he says he only has about an hour before things get busy.

Frank is also not shy about using Photoshop to clean things up even further. The gist of the photo is still present, but he’s not afraid to remove trash from the floors or cut a stray person from the background, all with the end goal of trying to create the kind of singular focus that makes his photos pop.

“My photos are not about reality,” he says. “It’s about what I’m seeing.”

He says he was originally drawn to subways not only because many of them are architecturally interesting but also because they tend to be places of creativity. Like many people who ride the trains to work, Frank says he does some of his best thinking on his morning and afternoon commute.

“You usually use the time in the subway to reflect on your day,” he says. “It’s not about talking to other people, it’s all about yourself. Most of my advertising ideas are developed in the subway.”

He hopes his photos, with their sharp lines, symmetry and clear focus, help people call up a similar visceral experience to the one they have while on the trains.

“I want to transport you back,” he says.

Frank will be starting a Kickstarter campaing to fund more subway shoots around the globe so please check his website in early December for more information

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New Zealand becomes Middle Earth as Hobbit mania takes hold

WELLINGTON (Reuters) – New Zealand‘s capital city was rushing to complete its transformation into a haven for hairy feet and pointed ears on Tuesday as stars jetted in for the long-awaited world premiere of the first movie of the Hobbit trilogy.

Wellington, where director Peter Jackson and much of the post production is based, has renamed itself “the Middle of Middle Earth“, as fans held costume parties and city workers prepared to lay 500 m (550 yards) of red carpet.

A specially Hobbit-decorated Air New Zealand jet brought in cast, crew and studio officials for the premiere.

Jackson, a one-time printer at a local newspaper and a hometown hero, said he was still editing the final version of the “Hobbit, an Unexpected Journey” ahead of Wednesday’s premiere screening.

The Hobbit movies are based on J.R.R. Tolkien’s book and tell the story that leads up to his epic fantasy “The Lord of the Rings“, which Jackson made into three Oscar-winning films about 10 years ago.

It is set 60 years before “The Lord of The Rings” and was originally planned as only two movies before it was decided that there was enough material to justify a third.

New Zealand fans were getting ready to claim the best spots to see the film’s stars, including British actor Martin Freeman, who plays the Hobbit Bilbo Baggins, Hugo Weaving, Cate Blanchett, and Elijah Wood.

“It’s been a 10-year wait for these movies, New Zealand is Tolkien’s spiritual home, so there’s no way we’re going to miss out,” said office worker Alan Craig, a self-confessed Lord of the Rings “nut”.

The production has been at the centre of several controversies, including a dispute with unions in 2010 over labor contracts that resulted in the government stepping in to change employment laws, and giving Warner Brothers increased incentives to keep the production in New Zealand.

“The Hobbit did come very close to not being filmed here,” Jackson told Radio New Zealand.

He said Warners had sent scouts to Britain to look at possible locations and also matched parts of the script to shots of the Scottish Highlands and English forests.

“That was to convince us we could easily go over there and shoot the film … and I would have had to gone over there to do it but I was desperately fighting to have it stay here,” Jackson said.

Last week, an animal rights group said more than 20 animals, including horses, pigs and chickens, had been killed during the making of the film. Jackson has said some animals used in the film died on the farm where they were being housed, but that none had been hurt during filming.

The films are also notable for being the first filmed at 48 frames per second (fps), compared with the 24 fps that has been the industry standard since the 1920s.

The second film “The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug” will be released in December next year, with the third “The Hobbit: There and Back Again” due in mid-July 2014.

(Editing by Paul Tait)

Movies News Headlines – Yahoo! News

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The New Old Age Blog: New Efforts to Close Hospitals' Revolving Doors

In the past, the only thing a patient was sure to get after a hospital stay was a bill. But as Medicare cracks down on high readmission rates, hospitals are dispatching nurses, transportation, culturally specific diet tips, free medications and even bathroom scales to patients deemed at risk of relapsing.

Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital in New Brunswick, N.J., has nurses visit high-risk patients at their home within two days of leaving the hosital. Teresa De Peralta, a nurse practitioner who runs the program, said they frequently find that patients don’t realize a drug they were prescribed in the hospital does the same thing as one they have already been taking.

“When medications are changed, they don’t want to throw things out, they think it’s a waste,” Ms. De Peralta said. “We actually go through the cupboards and painstakingly write out in big letters what they should be taking during the day.”

Many hospital officials say their efforts to keep patients healthy after discharge have been spurred by new financial penalties Medicare started imposing in October on places with too many readmissions. Increasingly, hospitals are no longer leaving to patients the responsibility for setting up follow-up appointments or filling new prescriptions.

And hospitals are not assuming that personnel in nursing homes and other facilities know how to properly care for their patients and follow the hospital discharge instructions.

Patients taking the wrong dose or mixing medicines that react badly often end up back in the hospital. A survey of 377 elderly patients at Yale-New Haven Hospital, published this year in The Journal of General Internal Medicine, discovered that 81 percent of the patients either didn’t understand what all their prescriptions were for; were prescribed the wrong drug or the wrong dose; were taken off a drug they needed, or never picked up a new prescription.

Dr. Leora Horwitz, the study’s leader, said patients who were called a week after their discharge and were asked what changes to their medication they were supposed to make “overwhelmingly” couldn’t tell them.

A big part of reducing readmissions is making sure that patients understand early warning signs that their health is deteriorating. Sun Health Care Transitions, a foundation-supported program in Sun City, Ariz., gives scales to some patients with congestive heart failure because small weight gains indicate they are retaining water, a sign that their heart isn’t pumping adequately.

“We have them keep a log,” said Jennifer Drago, a Sun Health vice president. “We want them to be looking for a two-pound daily weight gain, or five pounds over the week.”

Patients whose weight creeps up are quickly sent back to their doctor. Debra Richards, director of case management at Banner Del E. Webb Medical Center, one of the hospitals Sun Health is assisting, said, “That program has helped us quite a bit.”

Shady Grove Adventist Hospital in Rockville, Md., has started taking patients’ cultural backgrounds into consideration when doling out advice about maintaining their health. For example, the hospital encourages Salvadoran patients to substitute olive oils for the palm oils their cuisine traditionally calls for, to roast or bake meat instead of frying it and to use sugar substitutes when making horchata, a popular Central American drink.

When Hackensack University Medical Center sent staff members to teach caregivers how to take care of their patients, one place “didn’t even know what a low-salt diet was,” even though that’s a critical part of keeping heart failure patients from retaining fluids, said Dr. Charles Riccobono, chief quality and safety officer at the New Jersey hospital.

Aurora Health Care, a Milwaukee-based health system, now places its own nurse practitioners in several nursing homes to watch over Aurora’s discharged patients. Aurora says readmission rates of those patients have decreased, in some months by as much as half.

Dr. Eric Coleman, a Denver geriatrician whose ideas on reducing readmissions have been adopted by a number of hospitals and Medicare, said that while some hospital changes are “exciting and new,” others are “relabeling old wine in new bottles.”

“Yesterday we had ‘discharge planning’ and today we have a ‘rapid response transition team,’ and content-wise they’re doing the same thing,” Dr. Coleman said. “But it’s a nice thing to report out to the board of trustees.”

Jordan Rau is a reporter for Kaiser Health News, an editorially independent program of the Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation, a nonprofit, nonpartisan health policy research and communication organization not affiliated with Kaiser Permanente.

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Military's dogs of war also suffer post-traumatic stress disorder

LACKLAND AIR FORCE BASE, Texas — Not long after a Belgian Malinois named Cora went off to war, she earned a reputation for sniffing out the buried bombs that were the enemy's weapon of choice to kill or maim U.S. troops.

Cora could roam a hundred yards or more off her leash, detect an explosive and then lie down gently to signal danger. All she asked in return was a kind word or a biscuit, maybe a play session with a chew toy once the squad made it back to base.

"Cora always thought everything was a big game," said Air Force Tech. Sgt. Garry Laub, who trained Cora before she deployed. "She knew her job. She was a very squared-away dog."

PHOTOS: Military dogs

But after months in Iraq and dozens of combat patrols, Cora changed. The transformation was not the result of one traumatic moment, but possibly the accumulation of stress and uncertainty brought on by the sharp sounds, high emotion and ever-present death in a war zone.

Cora — deemed a "push-button" dog, one without much need for supervision — became reluctant to leave her handler's side. Loud noises startled her. The once amiable Cora growled frequently and picked fights with other military working dogs.

When Cora returned to the U.S. two years ago, there was not a term for the condition that had undercut her combat effectiveness and shattered her nerves. Now there is: canine post-traumatic stress disorder.

"Dogs experience combat just like humans," said Marine Staff Sgt. Thomas Gehring, a dog handler assigned to the canine training facility at Lackland Air Force Base, who works with Cora daily.

Veterinarians and senior dog handlers at Lackland have concluded that dogs, like humans, can require treatment for PTSD, including conditioning, retraining and possibly medication such as the anti-anxiety drug Xanax. Some dogs, like 5-year-old Cora, just need to be treated as honored combat veterans and allowed to lead less-stressful lives.

Walter Burghardt Jr., chief of behavioral medicine and military working-dog studies at Lackland, estimates that at least 10% of the hundreds of dogs sent to Iraq and Afghanistan to protect U.S. troops have developed canine PTSD.

Cora appears to have a mild case. Other dogs come home traumatized.

"They're essentially broken and can't work," Burghardt said.

There are no official statistics, but Burghardt estimates that half of the dogs that return with PTSD or other behavioral hitches can be retrained for "useful employment" with the military or law enforcement, such as police departments, the Border Patrol or the Homeland Security Department.

The others dogs are retired and made eligible for adoption as family pets.

The decision to officially label the dogs' condition as PTSD was made by a working group of dog trainers and other specialists at Lackland. In most cases, such labeling of animal behavior would be subjected to peer review and scrutiny in veterinary medical journals.

But Burghardt and others in the group decided that they could not wait for that kind of lengthy professional vetting — that a delay could endanger those who depend on the dogs.

Since the terrorist attacks of 2001, the military has added hundreds of canines and now has about 2,500 — Dutch and German shepherds, Belgian Malinois and Labrador retrievers — trained in bomb detection, guard duty or "controlled aggression" for patrolling.

Lackland trains dogs and dog handlers for all branches of the military. The huge base, located in San Antonio, has a $15-million veterinary hospital devoted to treating dogs working for the military or law enforcement, like a Border Patrol dog who lost a leg during a firefight between agents and a suspected drug smuggler.

"He's doing fine, much better," the handler yelled out when asked about the dog's condition.

Cora received her initial training here and then additional training with Laub at Moody Air Force Base in Georgia. Before they could deploy, however, Laub was transferred to Arkansas, and Cora shipped off to Iraq with a different handler, much to Laub's regret.

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